A
Access
Card: An access control
identification device assigned to an individual to give that individual
access rights to an access control system. Typically, it is the size of
a credit card. Each card has a unique identification code. That
identification code is used by a controller to determine through which
doors and at what times cardholders may be granted access to a secure
area. See Key Tag.
Access
Code: Numeric or
alphanumeric data which, when entered correctly, authorizes entry into a
secure area.
Access Control: A security
system that restricts access to areas to authorized personnel by
specific doors at specific times using an access control feature such as
a badge, FOB or biometrics. Different access levels can be granted to
different personnel.
Access
Control Card: An identification
card with encoded information that, when presented to a card reader,
identifies the cardholder to an access control system, allowing that
system to determine the cardholder's entrance and exit rights.
Access
Control Network - An interconnected
set of controllers – See access control
Access
Control System - An interconnected
set of controllers – See access control
Access
Group - A superset of
information including
Time zones and secured Doors
that is applied to
cardholders. This information
defines at what time-of-day and through which doors cardholders are
granted access.
Access
Level - See Authorization
Level.
Access
Mode - The condition in
which all access parameters have been met, allowing an access control
system to grant access.
Access
Point - The point of entry
into a secure area. This point is typically managed by a
controller using some
combination of a card reader, an electric door lock, gate, turnstile, or
similar device.
Access
Parameters - Programmed
information that defines the conditions that must be met to grant
access. Such parameters may include access codes, access groups,
authorization levels, or time zones.
Access
Request - The act of
presenting the information necessary to verify a person's identity.
Acquired
Data - The data collected
from an event that is used to make a decision, or is saved for future
analysis.
Active
Card - A type of access
control card that is dependent upon a card reader to provide the power
necessary to allow the card to transmit its data.
Addressable Device: A component of a
fire alarm system that has specific address for identification and
location. These devices allow the user to check the individual status of
the device and control functions.
Alarm:
An audible or visual signal to an alarm control panel that there was a
problem caused by an alarm event.
Alarm
Annunciation – This is the act of
announcing that an alarm event has occurred. Annunciation can be done by
an audible alarm, warning lamp or LED
Alarm
Battery:
An alarm battery is a power source that is used in a wireless alarm
device to provide device power or in a security system control panel to
provide backup power. Lithium and alkaline batteries are typically in
devices to provide power, and lithium batteries typically last longer
than alkaline alarm batteries. Control panels use rechargeable lead acid
or gel cell batteries for backup power.
Alarm
Communication Path:
The method in which a security system communicates with a central
monitoring station. Plain old telephone service (POTS) is the oldest
most commonly used communication path. With advances in wireless
technologies, other more secure communication paths such as cellular
alarm monitoring are gaining popularity. Internet protocol (IP)
monitoring and dual path (Cellular/IP) monitoring are some other
communication paths that do not require a hardwired telephone line to be
present at the property.
Alarm
Device:
This is a device in an access control, security, or fire alarm system
that can detect an alarm condition or event, then, send the signal back
to the system control panel for processing.
Alarm
Disable:
Physically or electronically make an alarm input un-accessible to an
access control system.
Alarm
Enable: Physically or
electronically make an alarm input accessible to an access control
system.
Alarm
Event:
An event that triggers an initiation device, causing the device to
signal the control panel that an alarm condition exists which starts the
alarm panel’s program.
Alarm
Mask:
A mask
selectively suppresses the annunciation of certain alarm conditions, but
allowing all other alarm conditions to properly report.
Alarm
Monitoring:
A service provided by a central monitoring station, in which a security
system is connected 24/7 to a central station.
Alarm
Notification Device:
System devices that alert those in and around an alarmed premise that an
alarm has occurred. These devices can be audible, visual, or both.
(sirens, speakers, strobes, etc.)
Alarm
Relay Output: a relay on the
controller that changes its state upon command by the controller. Often
the alarm relay output activates an audible alarm used to annunciate a
door alarm.
Alarm
Signal: A signal
initiated and sent to the control panel by one of the devices on the
system due to a fire emergency.
Alarm
System:
Consists of a control panel, input devices, output devices, and wiring
to comprise a means of notifying the occupants of a building (or a
central station) of an alarm condition. See local alarm and monitored
alarm systems.
Alarm Transmitter: A wireless electronic
device that transmits an alarm signal from an alarm device to a security
or access control panel - has no ability to receive signals
Alarm
Verification:
A method which forces an alarm to go through a secondary process in
order to confirm that an alarm condition exists. This may include the
requirement for another independent device monitoring the same protected
area to enter an ALARM state. It may also involve programming software
that requires one event trigger to follow another within a specified
time frame.
Alphanumeric: A text string made
up of alphabetic and numeric characters.
Ambient
Temperature:
Normal air temperature of an environment surrounding an alarm device.
American
Wire Gauge (AWG) – This is the wiring
industry standard for designating wire dimensions and specifications.
ANSI: An acronym for
American National Standards Institute.
Analog Initiating Device:
A device that indicates different degrees of a condition, as compared to
a digital device that only indicated a on or off condition.
Annunciator: A unit
containing information pertaining to the condition of system and
devices. This unit is usually located in a remote location from the main
fire alarm control panel.
ANSI: An acronym for
American National Standards Institute
Anti-Pass
back- A feature that will
not allow any card to re-enter an area unless it has been used to exit,
and cannot be re-used to exit unless it has been used to enter. This
requires that readers be used for both entry and exit, and prevents
users from passing the cards back and forth for entry and exit. This can
be used to determine the length of stay in the area.
APB: See
Anti Pass back
Approved Individual (or Approved Agency):
This is an
individual or agency that has
demonstrated the required technical ability and knowledge to perform
maintenance, inspections, and repairs on specific equipment or systems.
Manufacturer training may be included in the requirements to achieve
"approval" by the local AHJ.
Arm:
The act
of turning the security system on, so that it is ready to detect an
alarm event.
Audible Alarm: An alarm that sets off one or more of the sirens
of a security system
Audible Signal: The sound produced
by a notification appliance such as a bell or horn when the fire alarm
control panel is in an alarm condition.
Audit
Trail: A sequential record
that accounts for all the activities of an access control system. This
record allows for the analysis of events over a given time period.
Audio
Verification:
A type of alarm verification that uses audio detection to allow a
central station operator to listen in at the alarmed premise to verify
that the alarm event is an actual alarm and not a false alarm.
Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ): The local
authority that is responsible for approving a fire alarm system plans
and installation.
Authorization Level - A security rating
that must be met before access to a secure area is granted.
Authorized Person - This person has
been cleared to enter a secure area.
Automatic
Time Switch - A timer that turns
devices on or off at pre-set times.
Auxiliary
Code: A secondary code,
used on a temporary basis, that can be used for granting access or
allowing access control system operation without revealing a primary
code. See Primary Code.
Auxiliary
RTE: a second
input source that informs
the controller that someone has requested to exit from a
secure area. See
Request to Exit.
AWG: See American Wire
Gauge.
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B
Babysitter Code: A user code that
can arm the security system anytime, but can only disarm the system if
the babysitter code was used to arm it. Once the system has been armed
with a normal user code the babysitter code will not disarm it.
Badge
Reader: A reader used to
read and interpret data encoded in an identification badge. See Card
Reader.
Badging
Software:
Security
badging software that is capable of creating Photo Identification and
access badges, usually also can print and sometimes, depending on the
technology, encode the badges.
Bar Code: A method of encoding
information using lines and blank spaces of varying size and thickness
to represent alphanumeric characters.
Bar Code
Card: An access control
card with identification information encoded in Bar Code format.
Bar Code
Reader - A reader capable
of reading and interpreting cards using bar codes to encode data.
Barium
Ferrite Card: An access control
card with identification information encoded in the card via magnetic
material embedded in the card.
Barium
Ferrite Reader: A reader capable of
reading and interpreting cards using barium ferrite to encode data.
Battery (or Standby Battery): A rechargeable source of standby
power for the alarm system in the event of a power failure. The battery
is sized to take into consideration the number of input devices
associated with the alarm system, the time required by code to operate
in standby and alarm modes, plus a safety factor.
Bell (or Siren): This is an output device
installed at the protected premises to audibly signal an alarm to the
building's occupants.
Biometric
Access Control - Access control
where the identification process is made through biometric parameters.
See Access Control, Biometrics.
Biometric
Code:
Used on some locks; provides greater security than a numbered code on a
standard lock. Only the individual with the exact fingerprint, DNA, or
different type of identifying input can open the lock.
Biometrics:
The science of identifying an individual based on physiological or
behavioral inputs. Biometrics is the
verification of individuals using unique biological characteristics
(i.e. fingerprints, hand geometry, voice analysis, or the retinal
pattern in the eye).
Biometric
Access Control - Access control
where the identification process is made through biometric parameters.
See Access Control, Biometrics.
Burglar
Alarm System:
An electronic system consisting of alarm devices that are connected to a
control panel by either a low-voltage hardwire or narrowband RF wireless
signal. A burglar alarm system becomes a monitored security system when
connected to a central monitoring station.
Business
Security:
Securing the property and assets of a business or organization using
burglar alarm systems, access control systems, and/or video
surveillance. Businesses, due to the large number of people using the
security systems, often need multiple user codes and sometimes utilize
scheduled arming and disarming.
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C
Call
Verification:
A type of alarm verification in which a central station places one or
more phone calls to verify that a real alarm has occurred and not a
false alarm. Typically the first call placed is to the alarmed premise,
where the operator asks for a false alarm password if there is an
answer. If there is no answer, depending on the local alarm dispatch
procedures, the operator may try one or more additional phone numbers in
an attempt to reach someone. Without an answer, the operator will
dispatch the authorities to the non-verified alarm. Local jurisdictions
that utilize enhanced call verification (operator must place 2 phone
calls before dispatching an alarm event) have found that it greatly
reduces the number of false alarms.
Carbon
Monoxide (CO) Detector: A device that detects the presence of
carbon monoxide, a colorless and odorless compound produced by
incomplete combustion and lethal at high levels. If carbon monoxide is
detected, the device sounds an alarm, giving people in the area a chance
to ventilate the area or safely leave the building.
Card - An identification
device assigned to an individual that identifies that individual.
Typically, it is the size of a credit card. See Access Card, Key Tag.
Card Access
- A type of access control system using encoded
cards
and card readers to identify cardholders and determine if access may be
granted. See Cardholder.
Card Encoder
- A device used to encode data onto an access card.
Card Reader
- A device that retrieves information stored on an access card and
transmits that information to a controller.
Cardholder - An
individual who has been assigned an access control card or tag.
Cellular Alarm Monitoring: A type of alarm communication path
that uses the digital cellular network to send an alarm signal from the
control panel to a central monitoring station’s cellular receivers. This
type of alarm monitoring requires a digital cellular communicator
hardwired into the security system and a cellular monitoring contract.
The benefits of cellular monitoring are that no phone line is needed and
there is no chance of a criminal cutting your alarm communication line
as it is a wireless cellular signal. Cellular monitoring is one of the
most reliable ways to monitor a security system.
Central Monitoring Station:
A secure location where alarm signals
are monitored by live central station operators 24/7. The term can also
be used to refer to a company that provides services to monitor burglar,
fire and medical alarm systems. The central monitoring station may also
provide watchmen and supervisory services as well as runner service for
fire alarms. Central monitoring stations use special telephone lines,
computers, receivers and trained staff to monitor their customer's
security systems and call the appropriate authorities in the event an
alarm signal is received. Because quality and experience can vary
greatly among central stations, a prospective customer is advised to do
research on different companies before making a final choice. Some
central monitoring stations are certified by independent agencies.
Underwriters Laboratories (UL) is a leader in inspection and
certification of central stations. UL Standards 827 and 1981 must be
adhered to in order to maintain a UL listed central station license. UL
conducts annual audits of these licensed facilities to ensure
compliance.
Central Station Operator: Person who works in a central
monitoring station whose job is to respond to incoming alarm signals and
then follow appropriate dispatch procedures.
Circle of Protection - A security plan in
which the items to be protected are surrounded by two or more protective
zones of increasing size. For example, a bank vault may have the heavy
vault door, followed by a controlled access door into the vault area,
followed by the bank building with an alarm system.
Class
"A" Circuit - The wiring of
initiating devices and notification appliances so that a single open or
ground on the circuit does not cause the loss of the alarm
system's function.
Class
"B" Circuit - The wiring of
initiating devices and notification circuits so that a single open or
ground on the circuit does cause the loss of the alarm
system's function.
Closing:
See
Arm
Coercivity:
The property of a magnetic material, as on a magnetic stripe keys, which
is a measure of the coercive force. It is used when describing the
strength of magnetic saturation when discussing magnetic stripe card
keys.
Control Panel: The central computer or “brains” of a security
system. Every sensor on the security system reports back to the control
panel with supervisory signals and alarm signals. A control panel can be
connected with a central monitoring station by many different alarm
communication paths making it a monitored security system. A control
panel is normally installed in a laundry room, closet, or garage. For
hardwired security systems, the control panel typically is located in a
beige metal box. Inside the box are the system’s circuit board, power
supply, and back-up battery. For wireless security systems, the control
panel looks more like a standard keypad so that you can arm and disarm
your security system right from the control panel.
Control Point - An exit or entry point such as a
door, turnstile, or gate, where access is controlled.
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D
Detector:
Any alarm device that can be connected to a security system to provide
notification of an alarm event to the control panel. Door/window
contacts, motion detectors, glass break detectors, and smoke detectors
are some of the most common detectors found on a security system.
Digital Alarm Communicator Receiver (DACR): A component
that receives signals from a communication transmitter (DACT). These
signals contain information pertaining to the condition of the alarm
system.
Digital Alarm Transmitter (DACT):
A
component that transmits signals to a communication receiver (DACR).
These signals contain information pertaining to the condition of the
alarm system.
Digital
Cellular Communicator:
A digital electronic device that provides a cellular connection between
a security system and a central monitoring station. These communicators
have built-in SIM cards and utilize existing wireless networks. A
cellular communicator send alarm signals from the security system to the
central monitoring station without the need for a POTS line. At the same
time, cellular communication is much more reliable than phone line
communication because there is no wire exposed and available for phone
line tampering.
Digital
Communication (Digi-Com): Often called “digital
transmission”. While analog communications use a continuously varying
signal, a digital transmission can be broken down into discrete
messages. Transmitting data in discrete messages allows for greater
signal processing capability. The ability to process a communication
signal means that errors caused by random processes can be detected and
corrected. Digital signals can also be sampled instead of continuously
monitored and multiple signals can be multiplexed together to form one
signal. Because of all these advantages, and recent advances in wideband
communication channels and solid-state electronics, digi-com has grown
quickly. Digi-com is quickly making analog communication extinct because
of the vast demand to transmit computer data and the ability of digital
communications to do just that.
Digital
Communicator:
This is an output device utilized by the alarm system to communicate an
emergency signal to a central station or other remote location. It uses
the premises normal telephone line to transmit the signal and is the
most cost effective means of doing so. Some digital communicators employ
TLM (telephone line monitoring) to supervise for the sudden absence of
the subscribers phone line which results in the activation of additional
output devices, such as cellular devices, to notify the remote location.
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL): A technology that
provides digital data transmission over the wires of a local telephone
network. DSL can be used at the same time and on the same telephone line
with regular telephone transmissions, as it uses high frequency, while
telephones uses low frequency. Alarm communications can be transmitted
over DSL but it requires a special filter to prevent interference
between the two simultaneous frequencies.
Direct
Line:
Also known as Dedicated Line and Direct Wire. This is a specially
installed telephone line that links the premises alarm system directly
to the central station. The line is supervised to prevent tampering. Any
interruption alarm is immediately sent to the central station and
appropriate action is taken depending on the level of response required.
In addition to certain types of fire alarm systems, banks and financial
institutions, ATM machines, some jewelry and gun shops require this
level of security.
Disarm:
The act of turning your security system off, so that it will no longer
detect an alarm event.
Dispatch:
The act of calling in an alarm event to the proper authorities. Central
station operators are the ones typically doing the dispatch.
Do-It-Yourself (DIY) Security: With the recent advances in wireless
security system technology, a professional hardwired installation is no
longer needed. Because of this, the DIY security market has emerged, and
it is expected to grow immensely in the following years as people
attempt to save on price of a security system. With DIY security, you no
longer have to pay for expensive alarm installations.
DIY Security System: A self-contained wireless security system
that is so easy to install that you do not need a professional alarm
technician to complete the installation.
Door Contact: Consists of an alarm transmitter and a magnet. The
transmitter should be installed on the door or window frame while the
magnet should be installed on the door or window. Installing them in the
opposite position would increase the chances of a broken alarm
transmitter as the door may slam and rattle the sensitive circuit board.
When the door or window is closed the magnet is aligned with the
transmitter and the zone is closed. If the window or door is opened the
magnet becomes unaligned and you have an open zone. When the security
system is armed and a door/window contact has an open zone, an alarm
signal is generated. Door/window contacts are considered perimeter
protection and it is recommended to consider installing a door/window
contact on every accessible door or window.
Door
forced open: A signal indicating
that the door was opened without a valid card or request to exit device.
This requires a status switch and some type of rex device.
Door held
open: A signal that
indicates that the door was held open longer than it should have been.
This is used to prevent someone from using a card to enter and then
leave the door open for others. This requires a status switch on the
door.
Door Held Open Time - The
amount of time from when a door is opened before an alarm is generated
for the door being opened too long. This is often used to monitor if a
door is being propped open following a valid access request.
Download: Most modern alarm panels (both burglary and fire) are
equipped with the ability to be programmed by a remote computer (or
local laptop). The applicable software to perform this function is
furnished by the system's manufacturer. This allows the manufacturer
trained technician to make changes to the panel's software and firmware
which ultimately affects the operation of the system. It also helps to
speed the setup of the system and often incorporates some form "error
checking". In the case of a fire alarm system, changes to programming
must be VERIFIED.
Dual
Interface Poll (DIP):
Switches that allow you to change the configuration of the circuit board
of an alarm device or alarm control panel to activate/change different
functionality.
Dual Path (Cellular/IP) Digital Communicator: A digital
electronic device that provides both an internet protocol (IP) and
cellular connection for alarm monitoring. These alarm communicators
typically use the IP path as primary because an IP signal can be
constantly polled for connectivity. As soon as the IP signal is lost,
the alarm communicator automatically switches over to the cellular path,
which uses a built-in SIM card to communicate over an existing wireless
network. A cellular/IP communicator sends alarm signals from the
security system to the central monitoring station without the need for a
POTS line. Dual path monitoring is much more reliable than phone line
monitoring because it has two redundant alarm communication paths.
Dual Path (Cellular/IP) Monitoring: A type of alarm monitoring
that uses two redundant paths to send alarm signals to a central
monitoring station. Typically the internet protocol (IP) monitoring path
is used as a primary path because it allows for constant polling of the
signal. As soon as the connection is lost, the cellular/IP communicator
will automatically switch over to cellular communication. This type of
alarm monitoring is the most reliable path available.
Dualtec (Dual Technology):
Refers to input devices that employ two separate methods of detecting an
alarm or fault condition and thereby eliminating or severely reducing
the chances of a false alarm in environments where single technology
sensors may not be appropriate for use. Dualtec fire sensors typically
incorporate both a smoke and heat detection components, activation of
either of which will result in an alarm condition. Dualtec motion
detectors utilize passive infra-red (PIR) and microwave detection.
Duress
Code:
A code chosen by the user and used to alert central station operators
that an authorized person is under duress without alerting the intruder
that emergency help has been requested. Duress alarms are treated as
panic alarms and are dispatched upon immediately without the need for
any type of alarm verification.
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E
ECV:
See Enhanced Call Verification
Egress:
Exit, depart, leave (opposite of ingress).
Encoding
- The process of writing data to a card.
Enhanced Call Verification (ECV): ECV is a type of alarm
verification that requires a central station operator to place two phone
calls before dispatching the authorities. ECV is quickly being adopted
by more jurisdictions around the country as it continues to prove to be
an effective way to reduce false alarms and the costs that cities and
states waste responding to these false alarms.
Entry/Exit Delay: A built-in delay on any entry/exit zone of a
security system. This delay gives you time to enter/exit your home or
business after disarming/arming your security system to avoid setting
off the alarm. Entry/exit delays can be anywhere from 15 seconds to 120
seconds in duration.
Entry/Exit Zone: An alarm zone that protects the area(s) most
frequently used to enter your property. For home security these zones
usually protect garage doors, front doors, and/or back doors. For
business security these zones usually protect the front door and back
doors. A keypad is usually found in an entry/exit zone along with the
alarm device protecting that zone. These zones are also typically
programmed with an entry/exit delay.
Environmental Monitoring: Refers to a range of alarm devices that
monitor environmental changes. Smoke detectors, heat detectors, carbon
monoxide detectors, water detectors, and temperature detectors are all
devices that can monitor environmental change. A burglar alarm system
that has one or more of these devices can protect against a range of
threats beyond common burglaries. In the event an environmental alarm
device sends an alarm, central station operators would dispatch the
proper responders instead of police. (e.g. Fire department for a smoke
alarm, paramedics for a carbon monoxide alarm, or the customer for a
temperature or flood alarm.)
EOL or
EOLR:
A resistor placed at the last device in a fire alarm detecting loop to
provide a completely monitored system. This allows the panel to detect
if the alarm wiring is open (cut) or shorted, usually to ground.
Executive Privilege:
An option which allows a
cardholder unlimited access to all operational access points. Access may
be without the system referring to any other access parameters, or there
may be a PIN-code requirement has been enabled.
Event:
An occurrence reported by a field device that causes a control panel to
process a programmed sequence.
Exit Alarm:
A device that indicates (either audibly or silently) that a secure door
has been forced opened.
Exit Lock:
A push-bar door lock that spans the width of the door, used for
emergency exit. An Exit Lock may be connected to an
Exit Alarm.
Exit
Reader:
A
reader
used to control exiting from a
secure area.
Exit
Switch:
A switch that is used to initiate a Request to Exit..
Expander: See Zone
Expander
External Sirens:
A weatherproof siren that can alert neighbors and emergency responders
to a location where an intrusion has occurred. External sirens typically
have a much higher decibel (dB) level than an indoor siren.
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F
Facility Code - Coded
data in access control the card that identifies the location or building
of the access control system.
Fail
Safe: Is a locking device
that is unlocked when no power is applied, a magnetic lock is fail safe.
Fail
Secure: Is a locking device
that is locked when no power is applied.
False Alarm: When the alarm system is triggered
without an obvious cause (intruder, fire, etc.). Equipment malfunction
due to environmental factors or outright failure, vandalism, and user
error are the common causes of false alarms.
False
Alarm Password:
A word, name, or number used by a security system owner to verify with
the central monitoring station that an alarm was actually a false alarm.
When central station operators are using enhanced call verification they
will always call the premises after an alarm and ask the person who
answers the phone for the false alarm password.
Fingerprint Pattern:
The identifying characteristics of a fingerprint, consisting of the
arches, loops, and whorls in the fingerprint.
Fingerprint Reader:
A biometric reader that identifies a person based on the person's
fingerprint pattern.
Fingerprint Verification: Refers to the automated
method of verifying a match between an individual’s fingerprints and
stored data on file. Fingerprints are one of many forms of biometrics
used to identify an individual and verify their identity.
Fire Alarm: Caused by an active fire alarm system
that detects fire or the effects of fire, and as a result does one or
more of the following: notifies the occupants, notifies persons in the
surrounding area, summons the fire service, and controls all the fire
alarm components in a building. Fire alarm systems include alarm
devices, alarm notification devices, fire alarm control panels, fire
annunciators, power supplies, and wiring.
Fire
Alarm Control Panel: A component that
receives inputs form initiating devices and sends outputs to
notification appliances. This unit also supplies partial or all power to
system components. This unit may incorporate a DACT to transmit signals
to a DACR, which may be or located in a remote annunciator.
The panel can be connected with a central monitoring station by many
different alarm communication paths making it a monitored fire alarm
system, or it can be a local fire alarm system used for life safety
only. FACPs can also be conventional or addressable.
Conventional
FACPs have fewer zones as multiple devices can be programmed to a single
zone, while addressable FACPs have many
more zones as each alarm device is programmed to its own zone.
Addressable FACPs therefore, are much easier to troubleshoot. Every
device is connected with a fully supervised loop so when a
problem is detected it alerts the central monitoring station to the
exact zone that needs service.
Fire Alarm System: A security system
consisting of a fire alarm control panel, alarm devices, alarm
notification devices, fire alarm control panels, fire annunciators,
power supplies, and wiring. Most fire alarm systems, because they are
life safety devices, must be designed and installed to the codes of the
local jurisdiction.
Fire
Annunciator: A fire alarm system device that provides remote control
capability of critical system functions such as system reset, signal
silence, acknowledge, and drill. Many fire annunciators have LCD screens
or LEDs to provide system status indicators for AC power, alarm,
trouble, supervisory, and alarm silenced conditions.
Fire Pump:
A
device designed to deliver a calculated volume of water at a specific
pressure for a sprinkler or standpipe system. It is usually found in
high rise residential or commercial buildings. It is usually
electrically driven, but in some instances may also be engine driven and
is normally activated when a drop in water pressure is sensed, such as
would be caused by the activation of a sprinkler head. It is extremely
important to test run a fire pump on a regular basis to prevent the
buildup of corrosive elements which may hinder or prevent the flow of
water from a sprinkler head.
Fire
Safety Plan:
This
document outlines the responsibilities of the building's occupants in
the event of a fire. It usually assigns the fire safety officer, and
details the requirements for periodic testing of the building's life
safety systems (including the elevator, generator, fire pump, emergency
lighting, hoses, extinguishers, and sprinkler system). It also contains
a list of those occupants which require special assistance, and provides
detailed plans of each floor area for reference by responding fire
fighting personnel, and for building evacuation.
Flood Detector: A detector in a security system or
stand alone device with a sounder, consisting of an alarm transmitter
and a probe that detects the presence of water. The transmitter can be
hardwired or wireless and is typically mounted well above where water is
expected so the transmitter’s circuitry is safe. The probe is then
mounted a few inches of the ground so that the flood is detected as
early as possible. Flood detectors are typically installed in basements,
cellars, bathrooms, laundry rooms, and anywhere else where there’s
potential for water damage.
Floor
Mats:
Thin mats with pressure switches designed to be placed under rugs to
detect someone walking in the area.
FM (Factory Mutual):
This is a US based certification agency.
Freeze
Sensor:
A security system device that sends an alarm when a preset low
temperature is reached. Different from temperature sensors, freeze
sensors are only able to detect abnormally low temperatures. Freeze
sensors are most commonly used to monitor the ambient temperature of a
room with water pipes to prevent the pipes from bursting. When the
central monitoring station receives a freeze sensor alarm, the central
station operator calls the client to inform them of the dangerous
temperature range.
Fully
Supervised Loop (FSL):
A hardwired connection in which the current is constantly flowing
through the wire; any disruption in this signal will signify an alarm
event. If you have a device connected to an alarm control panel using a
FSL, the panel is constantly polling that device and as soon as the
signal is lost it will send a trouble signal. FSLs are typically used
for alarm devices on addressable fire alarm control panels.
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Glass
Break Detector (GBD):
A security system device that detects the frequency of broken glass. A
glass break detector has a highly sensitive microphone that can
distinguish between different sound frequencies and recognize the exact
frequency of broken glass, which if detected causes an alarm. GDBs along
with motion detectors are devices used for interior protection to
provide another layer of protection beyond perimeter protection. If you
only had door/window contacts, then a criminal that breaks the glass
without actually opening the door or window would go undetected. One GBD
can usually protect every window in a room and should be mounted on the
wall across from the windows it is meant to protect. GBDs are preferable
over motion detectors when large animals live in the alarms premise,
since they work while the security system is in stay mode without
causing false alarms.
Glass
Break Station: A device mounted
near the exit door that can be used to release the door in the event of
an emergency.
Ground Fault or Ground Fault Trouble: A condition in which an
alarm system references a structure's common ground plane is a ground
fault. This can be caused by a wire to a system device that is "pinched"
or has become otherwise exposed to a metal back box (or a ground wire).
Wiring in conduit can be "skinned" during the process of pulling it
through exposing the bared conductor(s) which will cause a ground fault
when it comes into contact with the conduit sidewalls. In some systems a
fault condition can be artificially generated when the wiring is
incorrectly terminated or when multiple power supplies are involved.
Ground faults are not difficult to pinpoint but often present a
challenge to the servicing technician when more than one is present on a
system.
NOTE:
It is extremely important that a building fire alarm system is able
to detect a ground fault. If for some reason, ground fault detection
has been inhibited or otherwise compromised, the fire alarm system
may not function correctly or start causing false alarms.
H
Heat
(Rate of Rise) Detector:
This is an input device designed to detect a rapid rise of temperature.
It is also triggered when a specific temperature is reached. These
detectors come in three main fixed temperature settings: 135, 180 and
200 degrees Fahrenheit. Heat detectors are better than smoke detectors
for areas where smoke would normally be found such as a kitchen or
smoking lounge, as they are not as likely to cause false alarms. Heat
detectors are also known as fire detectors.
Heat
Trace (Heat Tape):
A heating element which is wrapped around exposed domestic or wet
sprinkler system piping and is thermostatically controlled to prevent
the water in the pipe from freezing. HEAT TRACED piping is usually
insulated with fiberglass insulation in exposed locations. Loss of power
to the heat tape controller should result in a supervisory trouble
signal on the fire alarm system and often only requires a reset of the
system once power is restored.
Hardwired
Security System:
A hardwired security system has alarm devices connected to a control
panel by low-voltage wires.
While equipment for hardwired security systems is less expensive than
wireless equipment, installation and service of hardwired systems far
outweighs the difference in upfront equipment costs. Because multiple
devices are programmed into a hardwired zone, when one goes bad it is
very hard to troubleshoot the problem.
You would have to check the wire connection and the alarm transmitter
for every device on that zone. With wireless security systems, each
device is its own zone, so if a zone has a trouble you know exactly
which device needs service.
Holdup Switch: A type of panic button that usually does not set
off an audible alarm. When the holdup switch is activated it sends a
panic alarm to the central monitoring station which is handled as an
automatic/priority dispatch. These devices are usually mounted
underneath a checkout counter or underneath a bank teller’s workstation
so that a person in distress can discreetly activate it. When activated,
the security system does not set off an audible siren so that the
criminal committing the holdup is not made aware that an alarm has been
activated.
Home
Security: Securing a home from burglaries, fires, or environmental
hazards using security systems, alarm monitoring, video monitoring,
and/or video surveillance.
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Infrared:
A type of alarm device detection most often found in motion detectors.
Infrared detectors distinguish changes in electromagnetic radiation as
opposed to normal light changes. LEDs used on security cameras often use
infrared technology to emit more light.
Infrared Motion Sensor
- A sensing unit that detects motion based on the disruption of infrared
light waves.
Ingress:
Entry, Enter, (opposite of egress)
Initiating Device: Any device
that transmits a signal to an alarm control panel is an
initiating device. Any devices designed to detect unauthorized access,
fire, smoke, flood, motion or any condition requiring notification or
response by a building's occupants or a central station. Input Devices
can be magnetic door contacts, glass break detectors, motion sensors,
photoelectric beams, smoke and heat detectors, water detectors, low
temperature detectors, and many others.
Initiating Device Circuit: A circuit that
initiating devices are connected to.
Installer Code: A code used to
enter a security system’s programming menu. User codes and master codes
are usually restricted to normal system functions, while an installer
code has no restrictions. Some alarm installation companies will keep
their installer code a secret so that no other company is able to
takeover that security system.
Insertion Card - A card
that must be inserted into a reader for the reader to retrieve the
information stored on the card.
Intelligent Device - Any
type of microprocessor-based device that has free-standing logic
capability is an intelligent device. These devices can be programmed
with instructions that allow them to make their own decisions regarding
granting access and sounding alarms. They also can communicate with a
control panel to receive new instructions or to send event messages.
Interior
Follower:
A type of zone for a security system that is usually assigned to an
entry area that one must pass upon entry (after faulting the entry/exit
zone) to reach the keypad. It provides an instant alarm if the
entry/exit zone is not violated first, and protects an area in the event
an intruder has hidden on the premises before the system is armed, or
gains access to the premises through an unprotected area. It causes a
delayed alarm if the entry zone is faulted first and the user code is
not entered in time; and causes an instant alarm in all other
situations.
Interior Protection: A type of business or home security that
secures the premises by causing an alarm after an intruder has entered
the location. Motion detectors and glass break detectors are the most
common alarm devices used for interior protection. Interior protection
is often used as an added layer of security beyond perimeter protection.
Ionization Smoke Detectors: Ionization
smoke detectors use an ionization chamber and a source of ionizing
radiation to detect smoke. This type of smoke detector is more common
because it is inexpensive. See Smoke Detectors.
J
K
Key fob:
A keychain remote used to arm and disarm a security system with the
touch of a button. Key fob buttons can usually be programmed for many
different functions such as system arming and disarming, and panic
alarms. In apartments and condominiums where there are common areas that
many different people need access to, a key fob can also double as a
proximity card that allows authorized access to restricted areas.
Key Holder: A nominated person who is able to operate the
security system and has keys to the property. In the event of an alarm,
the dispatched authorities will often request a key holder to meet them
at the alarmed location so that they have access to investigate the
alarm.
Keypad: Used for operating a fire or burglar alarm system.
Typically found at every entry area to an alarmed location, keypads
often allow one touch arming and disarming as well as other system
functionality. Some keypads are more advanced such as a talking keypad
that speaks system status in plain English or a touch screen keypad that
can be used to control home appliances. It is important that a keypad be
able to provide system status on all zones so that when the system is
armed the user is made aware of any zones that are in fault. For
instance, if the back door was left open, the keypad should let the user
know that the backdoor zone is in trouble when the user attempts to arm
the system. If a keypad cannot provide system status, you run the risk
of arming your system with an open zone which would leave the security
system vulnerable to unauthorized entry.
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Life
Safety:
Any type of security system or security system monitoring that is meant
to protect one’s life instead of property. Fire alarms, panic buttons,
or medical alert systems are all examples of life safety systems.
Knox
Box:
A box
located on the exterior of a building. This box contains a key for
emergency entry to the building by the local fire department, which has
a master key for the knox box. The know box is usually monitored to
prevent unauthorized or vandal access.
LED
(Light Emitting Diode): An electronic
device that lights up when power is applied. These devices are used as
various status indicators.
Local
Alarm System:
This is an alarm system that is not connected to a central station, but
will activate a local output device like a siren or bell to notify
building occupants. See Alarm System, Local Security System, and
Monitored Alarm System.
Local
Security System:
A burglar alarm system that is not connected to a central monitoring
station. When an alarm signal is received by the control panel, the
system sounds a local siren. While local security systems can be
programmed to dial a number, it leaves the responsibility of contacting
emergency response in the property owner’s hands.
Loop:
Hardwired alarm control panels usually have a number of loops or zones,
with 4 or 6 loops being the most common. Each loop can have a number of
devices connected to it, but each device on a loop is not
distinguishable from the rest of the devices on that loop, unless the
system is an addressable fire alarm system.
Low Air Alarm (Supervisory Alarm):
A
condition in a dry pipe sprinkler system in which the air pressure has
fallen below a preset level. The system's air compressor may be
compromised and a further reduction in pressure may cause the system to
trip.
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Manual Station:
also known as a Pull Station.
Master
Code:
A four digit user code for a security system that has additional
privileges such as being able to delete other user codes.
Magnetic Reed Switch: It is found in door/window contacts and
when a magnet is applied to the reed switch it changes from its normal
state of closed to an open state which causes an alarm.
Magnetic
Stripe Card:
Is an access control card with a strip of recordable magnetic material
which is used to record encoded data.
Magnetic
Stripe Reader:
A reader capable of reading and interpreting cards using magnetic
stripes to encode data.
Mantrap:
A
mantrap
is designed to allow controlled access to a vestibule area or room and
creating a secured area. Only certain doors of the number of doors may
be open at any one time. Usually after entering a door, it must be
closed before the next door can be opened so it's a very effective way
to control traffic. Many variations are possible.
Master
Code Card - An
access control card that grants access and exit at every card reader on
the system.
Medical Alarm System: A life safety system consisting of an
electronic device worn on a bracelet or necklace and a control panel
that can auto dial telephone numbers or dial a central monitoring
station when the device is activated by the user. Depending on the
severity of the situation, alarm monitoring staff will summon friends,
family, or emergency personnel.
Microwave Detector: A microwave detector is a type of motion
detector that emits microwaves and looks for a return. When the
microwaves come into contact with a moving object, some of the microwave
energy is reflected back and that triggers an alarm. Heat, light, sound,
or vibration will not set off a microwave detector and therefore they
are ideal for extreme environments where typical passive infrared (PIR)
motion detectors would be ineffective.
Monitored Alarm / Security System:
An alarm system
programmed and connected, to transmit alarms and signals to a central
station. The basic idea of alarm monitoring is to inform a key holder
and local police, fire, or medical response that the security system has
been activated. While a local security system is meant to be a
deterrent, a monitored security system is meant to catch the criminal in
the act and protect anyone that may be home during a robbery, or to
notify the fire department of a fire emergency.
See alarm
system and local alarm system.
Monitored Smoke Detector: Monitored smoke
detectors go a step further by attempting to protect the property as
well as the occupants. While a local smoke detector will only sound a
local siren, a monitored smoke detector sounds a local siren and also
sends an alarm signal to a central monitoring station so that the fire
department is made aware of the fire. Monitored smoke detectors protect
your property and your life, and may even get you a discount on your
insurance.
Motion
Detector:
An alarm device that uses passive infrared or microwave detection to
detect motion in an alarmed premise. Some motion detectors are even more
advanced utilizing dual technology detection or pet immunity. When your
security motion is activated in stay mode, motion detectors are bypassed
allowing you to walk freely through your alarm premises.
N
National
Burglar & Fire Alarm Association (NBFAA): The largest
professional non-profit 501(c) 6 trade association in the United States
with the purpose of representing, promoting and enhancing the growth and
professional development of the electronic life safety, security, and
integrated systems industry.
Notification Appliance: An output on the
fire alarm system such as a horn or strobe that provides audible and/or
visible alarm signal.
Notification Appliance Circuit (NAC):
A
circuit to which notification appliances (strobes, horns, strobe/horns)
are connected. Notification appliances draw more power than the fire
alarm panel can provide, and are powered from a NAC power supply,
controlled by the fire alarm control panel.
O
Opening/Closing Reports:
A security system that is programmed for openings and closings will send
a signal to a central monitoring station every time the system is armed
or disarmed. The central monitoring station can then print out a report
of these openings and closings so that the user can monitor the use of
his or her security system.
Optical Detection: A type of smoke detection that is better at
detecting smoky or smoldering fires as it detects changes in light. See
photoelectric smoke detectors.
Output Device: These are devices used to alert
building occupants or an outside agency of a fault, alarm, or trouble
condition. These can include bells, sirens, remote annuniciators,
communicators, strobe lights, pagers, or cell phones.
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Panic
Alarm:
A type of alarm that is handled by a central monitoring station with an
immediate priority dispatch. No call verification is needed when a panic
alarm is received by a central station operator.
Panic Button: A device that when pressed, causes an alarm event
regardless of whether or not the security system is armed or unarmed.
Panic alarms can be programmed to cause a silent alarm or a normal
audible alarm.
Partition: Segmented section of a security system. A user can setup
partitions, so that one area of the alarmed location can be armed, while
the other areas stay unarmed. For instance, an inventory room can be
partitioned from the rest of the store so that while people are working,
the main areas are unarmed and the inventory room stays armed.
Passive
Infra-Red Motion Detector (PIR): An alarm device that
measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view
to sense motion and activate an alarm. Once the PIR motion detector is
installed, it settles into a normal state with a normal temperature.
Apparent motion is detected when an infrared source with another
temperature, such as a human, passes in front of the PIR detector and
changes the normal temperature causing an alarm.
Pet
Immunity: The ability of a motion detector to ignore animals of a
certain size to reduce false alarms. Pet immunity is usually obtained by
lowering the sensitivity of a motion detector so that a fairly large
object would need to be present to trigger an alarm.
Perimeter
Protection:
A type of security in which most or all doors and windows are protected
with a door/window contact. The idea behind perimeter protection is that
you detect a burglary as soon as possible. With interior protection you
don’t receive an alarm until the intruder walks in front of an interior
protection sensor. With perimeter protection you receive an alarm as
soon as the entry point is violated and therefore secure a faster
dispatch.
Phone Line Monitoring: A type of alarm communication path that
utilizes a POTS line to transmit alarm signals from the control panel to
the central monitoring station. A standard phone line is required for
this type of alarm communication. Phone line monitoring is susceptible
to “line cut” tampering because all phone lines are exposed on the
outside of your house.
Photoelectric Smoke Detectors: In one type of photoelectric device,
smoke can block a light beam. In this case, the reduction in light
reaching a photocell sets off the alarm.
In the
most common type of photoelectric unit, light is scattered by smoke
particles onto a photocell, initiating an alarm. In this type of
detector there is a T-shaped chamber with a light-emitting diode (LED)
that shoots a beam of light across the horizontal bar of the T. A
photocell, positioned at the bottom of the vertical base of the T,
generates a current when it is exposed to light. Under smoke-free
conditions, the light beam crosses the top of the T in an uninterrupted
straight line, not striking the photocell positioned at a right angle
below the beam. When smoke is present, the light is scattered by smoke
particles, and some of the light is directed down the vertical part of
the T to strike the photocell. When sufficient light hits the cell, the
current triggers the alarm. See Smoke Detector.
Piggybacking:
Is more than one individual entering a secure area using one access
card, or an unauthorized person following an authorized person into a
secure area See Anti-Pass Back.
PIN: A Personal
Identification Number assigned to a user. It is used either by itself or
in conjunction with a card for access.
Power
Supply:
A power supply is a device that supplies electrical energy to an output
load or to a group of output loads, and may have provisions for battery
backup in the event of electrical outage.
Preventative Maintenance: The act of regularly inspecting a
security system and its alarm devices to verify that all devices are
working properly. Preventative maintenance ensures your security system
will work when you need it most.
Primary
Code: A code that can be
used for, panel programming, granting access or allowing access control
system operation. See Auxiliary Code.
Priority Dispatch: A faster dispatch enjoyed by those clients
that have security systems that utilize some type of alarm verification.
No call verification is needed and therefore the police respond to the
alarm immediately.
Programmable Card - A card
in which data may be encoded.
Programmable Card Reader –
It is a
reader
in which instructions for granting or denying access may be programmed.
Programming: The act of setting up or changing the different
settings of a security system.
Proximity - A method of
reading a card or key tag without requiring any physical contact between
the card/tag and the reading device.
Proximity Card: A badge, tag, or card that grants a user access
to a restricted area when placed close to a proximity reader.
Proximity Reader: An access control device that controls an
electronic lock. When a proximity card is placed near a proximity reader
access is granted.
Pull Station:
A wall mounted device that is normally located close to an exit door
that, when activated, will cause the fire alarm system to activate.
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R
Radio
Frequency Identification
- Reading a card using radio frequency energy to transmit information
from the card to a reader. See Proximity.
Radio
Frequency (RF) Wireless Signal:
Wireless alarm devices and
control panels use RF to transmit alarm signals.
Rate-of-Rise (ROR): A heat detector that triggers an
alarm when a certain change in temperature is registered in a
predetermined small amount of time. (e.g. 15°change in a ten minute
period) See heat detector.
Reader - A device that
"receives" an identification code from a card, key tag, magnetic stripe
card, bar code card, or related item.
Recessed
Door/Window Contact:
A door/window contact that is drilled and mounted flush, recessed into
the frame of a door or window. Typically consists of a magnet that is
drilled into the side edge of the door or window and an alarm
transmitter that is aligned with the magnet and drilled into the
door/window frame. Recessed door/window contacts make for clean and
aesthetic installations since you cannot see the contact when the door
or window is closed.
Remote
Host: A system where the
main computer that controls the system is remotely located. It allows a
single computer to control multiple systems.
Remote
Keypad:
A non-fixed keypad that can arm and disarm a security system from a
defined distance to the control panel, similar to a key fob. If a remote
keypad is to be used as the main system keypad, it needs to be a system
status keypad for true protection.
Repeater: An electronic device that receives an alarm signal and
retransmits it at a higher level, or onto the other side of an
obstruction, so that the signal can cover longer distances without
degradation. Repeaters are used to extend the range of a security
system’s control panel so that you can have alarm devices further than
the normal control panel range would allow.
REX
(RTE): A Request to exit.
A device that must be activated in order to release the door to exit
without causing a door forced alarm.
Runner Service: A service provided by a fire alarm monitoring
company in which a trained fire alarm system agent is sent out to every
fire alarm. Typically the runner service has to be performed within one
hour of the initial fire alarm. A technician is sent out to a fire alarm
to reset the panel in the event of an alarm or diagnose the electrical
problem in the event of a false alarm.
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Secure Area: A
designated area in which access into and out of is controlled and can be
monitored.
Secure Door: A door
in which access through is controlled and can be monitored.
Security
Company:
A professional organization specializing in some aspect of security,
whether it’s sales, installation, service, monitoring, or all of the
above.
Security System: An electronic system that is designed to prevent
theft or intrusion and protect property and life. Burglar alarm systems,
access control systems, fire alarm systems, and video surveillance
systems are all types of security systems.
Shunt
time: When a door is
released the status switch is automatically "shunted" for a period of
time to allow the person to enter/exit. If the time is exceeded a door
held open signal will occur.
Signature Verification:
is a biometric
identification
method using a person's signature characteristics (writing speed, pen
pressure, shape of loops, etc.) to identify that person
Silent Alarm: An alarm that makes no audible noise. The control
panel notifies central station operators of an alarm without setting off
the security system sirens. Silent alarms are used when apprehension of
an intruder is the main goal of the security system. Because there is no
audible alarm at the alarmed location, the trespasser will have no idea
that he or she tripped an alarm. The central station operators
immediately dispatch the police who have a chance to arrive unexpectedly
and catch the criminal in the act. Panic buttons are often programmed as
silent alarms.
Siren: A security system device that emits a loud noise to scare
away trespassers and alert nearby witnesses that an alarm event has
occurred.
Smart Card:
Smart Cards, also known as integrated circuit cards (ICC), are plastic
cards with embedded microchips that can be downloaded with data.
Although there is a diverse range of applications, there are two broad
categories of ICCs. With a smart card, one can make electronic cash
payments, pay for parking, pay for public transportation, give personal
information, and make other purchases. As far as personal safety is
concerned, they are capable of providing security services.
Smoke
Detector:
An input device used
to sense the presence of smoke and products of combustion. There are two
different types of sensing technology utilized: photoelectric and
ionization. Smoke detectors can be local or monitored using a control
panel in a monitored alarm system.
Note for Local or
Stand-alone Smoke Detectors: Both ionization and photoelectric
detectors are effective smoke sensors. Both types of smoke detectors
must pass the same test to be certified as UL smoke detectors.
Ionization detectors respond more quickly to flaming fires with smaller
combustion particles; photoelectric detectors respond more quickly to
smoldering fires.
In either type of detector, steam or high humidity can lead to
condensation on the circuit board and sensor, causing the alarm to
sound. Ionization detectors are less expensive than photoelectric
detectors, but some users purposely disable them because they are more
likely to sound an alarm from normal cooking due to their sensitivity to
minute smoke particles.
Ionization detectors have a degree of built-in security not inherent to
photoelectric detectors. When the battery starts to fail in an
ionization detector, the ion current falls and the alarm sounds, warning
that it is time to change the battery before the detector becomes
ineffective. Back-up batteries may be used for photoelectric detectors,
but usually with no low battery alarm.
Spot
Detector: A component that
detects only in a particular location.
Stand
Alone Reader: A system where the
entire system is contained in the card reader.
Status
switch: A contact switch –
usually door or window.
Stay Mode:
An arming sequence of a security system that bypasses all interior
motion detectors. It is meant to be used when a client arms their system
at night, so that the occupants can still roam freely throughout the
alarmed premises. Only the perimeter detection (e.g. door/window
contacts) and certain types of interior protection (e.g. glass break
detectors) would be armed this mode is selected.
STROBE LIGHT:
An output device that employs an intense pulse of visible light to alert
the building's occupants to an alarm, trouble or fault condition.
Supervised:
An alarm circuit cut or tampered with will initiate a fault or trouble
signal to the control panel.
Supervisory Signal:
A signal that indicates the need for maintenance on a loop or device.
This supervision is provided by the EOLR. An alarm signal that
monitors an alarm device or alarm control panel. Wireless security
system control panels constantly send out requests to all the programmed
devices on the system. When an alarm device does not respond, the
control panel sends a supervisory signal to the central monitoring
station detailing the device that needs service.
System
Status Keypad:
Remote keypad for a security system that visually or audibly alerts a
user to the system status of the alarm system. For instance, if a back
door is open and the zone is in fault the keypad would tell or show the
user so that they do not arm their system with the zone in violation.
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Tailgating:
See Piggyback and Anti-pass back.
Takeover:
An industry term that describes the process of reprogramming a monitored
security system so that it dials a new central monitoring station. Most
alarm monitoring contracts typically carry term lengths (1, 3, 5 year
terms) and once the contract is up, they are free to choose a new alarm
monitoring company. The new company would then “takeover” their alarm
system. If you are considering having another company takeover your
alarm, make sure to give written notice of your intent to cancel to your
current company so that the contract does not automatically renew.
Talking
Keypad:
A security system keypad that performs normal keypad functions, but also
can speak system status and other event notices in plain English.
Tamper Alarm:
An input alarm to signal that a device
or system has been tampered with. Sprinkler systems have tamper alarms
to signal when the water flow valve has been shut or turned off.
Telephone Entry
– is a control system that allows users outside a secure area to use a
specific telephone system to contact someone inside the secure area and
request access.
Temperature Sensor:
A security system device that sends an alarm when a preset temperature
is reached or a rapid change in temperature occurs. Different from
freeze sensors, temperature sensors are able to detect abnormally high
temperatures as well as abnormally low temperatures.
Time and Attendance:
The ability to utilize the
time in and time out information per user, for the purpose of keeping
track of employee’s hours at a facility using an access control system,
or as stand-alone systems, and interface with most payroll software.
Time
zones: "Schedules" that
allow cards to function or not function depending on the time of day or
day of week. This is used to limit access to the facility.
Transformer: A device that plugs a security system into a
standard AC wall outlet. This should only be used to provide power to a
battery backed up power supply, many security devices and cameras are
provided with transformers for local power or as a standalone device.
Trouble Day/Alarm Night: A type of zone usually assigned to a
zone that contains foil-protected doors or windows or covers a sensitive
area (e.g. stock room, drug supply room, etc.). It can also be used on a
sensor or contact in an area where immediate notification of an entry is
desired (e.g. liquor or gun cabinet.). The zone is treated as a trouble
signal when the security system is disarmed (daytime). When the central
station operators receive a trouble on this zone they notify the
customer of the entry but do not dispatch authorities unless requested
by customer. The zone is treated as a normal alarm when the system is
armed.
Trouble Signal: A
signal that indicates a fault in a circuit or system component. This
signal can also be sent from a security system control panel alerting
the central monitoring station of faulty zones, devices, or low
batteries. Trouble signals do not usually result in a dispatch, but
instead a phone call to the client to make them aware of the trouble and
arrange for a solution.
Turnstile - An entryway that
uses a mechanical device to restrict entry to one person at a time.
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U
UL Listed
Central Station:
A common way to refer to a central monitoring station that has
demonstrated the ability to provide monitoring service that complies
with UL’s strict standards. UL requirements cover building structure,
receiving and monitoring equipment, staffing issues, as well as
installation and ongoing service. In order to be able to provide UL
complying service, the building, equipment and staffing requirements
have to be met at all times. However, the handling of specific signals
from specific alarm systems is only audited by UL if a certificate is in
effect for that alarm system.
Underwriters Laboratories (UL): A U.S. not-for-profit privately
owned and operated product safety testing and certification
organization. Based in Northbrook, Illinois, UL develops standards and
test procedures for products, materials, components, assemblies, tools
and equipment, chiefly dealing with product safety. UL is the leading
third-party certification agency for security and signaling products and
systems. A UL certification provides the quickest and surest route to
product acceptance by regulatory authorities, insurers, law enforcement
organizations, government, retailers, and consumers. UL also provides
certification for alarm companies and central monitoring stations.
User Code: A code used to arm and disarm a security system.
Certain security systems allow for multiple user codes so that you can
keep track of who armed or disarmed the system.
V
Verification Inspection:
An inspection which a newly installed or upgraded fire alarm system is
tested to the Standard for Verification of Fire Alarm Systems. All
affected components of the fire alarm system are electrically tested for
supervision, ground fault, and operation. They are visually inspected
for correct placement and installation in accordance with local codes,
applicable building code, and the Standard for Installation of Fire
Alarm Systems.
Video
Surveillance:
A type of security that uses a digital video recorder (DVR) as well as
security cameras to monitor a location. Video data is stored on the DVR
and can be retrieved in the event of an intrusion or other emergency.
Most video surveillance systems give the user the ability to look in
live to their property over an active internet connection allowing them
to monitor the site from anywhere. A video surveillance system can be
used as a management tool as well as a security system.
Video Verification: The process of verifying an alarm has
occurred by using security cameras that are in the same location as
alarm devices. Video verification can eliminate false alarms and secure
priority dispatch as the authorities are certain that the alarm they are
responding to is an actual incident.
Voice
Recognition System -
An access control system that verifies a person's identity by comparing
previously stored voice recordings key words or phrases with the same
key words or phrases spoken at the time access is requested.
W
Walk Test:
A function that allows an authorized
user to test the detection devices. You should test all devices on a
regular basis.
Water
Detector:
See
Flood Detector
Water Flow Detector:
An initiating device to
signal a control panel that water is flowing in a fire sprinkler system,
indicating that the sprinkler system has been activated by a fire,
tampering, or vandalism.
Wiegand Card
- An access control card based on the Wiegand effect. Small bits of
specially processed wire are embedded in the card in a pattern that
uniquely identifies the card. This identification information can then
be decoded by a Wiegand reader.
Wiegand Compatible
Devices -
A proprietary coding format for information used by many of the
suppliers of cards, key tags, proximity readers, magnetic stripe
readers, bar code readers, and related items.
Wiegand Effect
- Electrical pulses generated when individual sections of specially
processed magnetic wire is passed by a pickup coil. Each section of this
magnetic wire has its own magnetic field. Depending upon the strength of
the individual magnetic fields, the pickup coil either senses a strong
field or overpowers a weak field, which generates an electrical pulse.
Wiegand Reader - A
reader capable of reading the information encoded on a Wiegand card.
Window
Contact:
See Door Contact
Wireless:
A connection between alarm devices that does not use wires. Most
wireless connections between system devices use RF wireless signals
while wireless connections between security systems and central
monitoring stations use cellular signals.
Wireless Communication: See
Cellular Alarm Monitoring
Wireless
Security System: A security system
that uses no wires. Each alarm device reports back to the control panel
using a RF wireless signal.
X
Y
Z
Zone:
An input device circuit that when activated or faulted will trigger a
programmed response in the control panel. A specific area within a
protected premise that defines the type of alarm and/or location is a
zone. Each device on a wireless security system is its own zone. On
hardwired security systems you may have many similar devices on one
zone. For instance, every window contact in the living room may be
programmed on the same zone. Zones are used to identify which alarm
device triggered the alarm event to occur, so that the central station
operators can provide location information to the responding
authorities.
Zone
Expander:
A device which expands the capabilities of a security system default,
providing additional zones for a security system beyond the manufactured
settings.
Zone Descriptor: A phrase that identifies the type of alarm
device connected to a security system as well as the location assigned
to that device. A motion detector in the living room might have a zone
description of “Living Room Motion.”
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